Thanks for the reply.
I’ve read the thread and it helped to be sure that I don’t ran into problems with the patch levels.
I finally managed to get my phone working with e/os and a locked bootloader.
I know that for most users the following infos aren’t new, but maybe it helps some noobs like me.
Before I’ve installed /e/OS for the first time the patch level of my phone was of June 5th. Since the current release (3.10.25) of /e/=S official is with vendor patch level August 5th I’ve started a second try today.
First I’ve tried to rerun the Web-Installer and got quick to step 22 of 24. But again with errors. After installation of /e/OS the installer wasn’t able to connect to the phone again (Error on step: connect-bootloader - cannot execute command flushing unlock). And then I made the biggest mistake (yes I’m a noob I know - don’t click the connect button twice) I’ve clicked the connect button of the installer again. But instead of doing just a reconnect, the installer re-installed the os again. And I don’t now why, it tried it for a third time. But the phone was already stuck.
After the second installation process my phone tried to boot and said it was corrupt. It was in a loop between ‘your bootloader is unlocked’, ‘the phone is corrupt’ and the fairphone OS logo. Additionally the phone wasn’t recognized from my pc. I panicked … many google searches, re-reads of articles and try and errors later (e.g. Recovery mode of e/os with factory reset and reboots) I was able to connect the phone with the laptop again.
I had to press the power button for a long time to shutdown an then power + volume down to boot in fastboot (I’ve tried it more then once, sometimes it did not work). My phone was connected via usb the hole time.
In between the try and error modus I’ve downloaded the adb and fastboot (Installing adb and fastboot on a Linux PC for linux, I’m working with Manjaro - Arch) and followed the first steps in the manual installation (Install /e/OS on a Fairphone The Fairphone (Gen. 6) - “FP6”):
I’ve skipped steps 1-5 of ‘unlocking the bootloader’ because it was already done in the web-installer. To be sure I’ve tried 6-10, but it said that the bootloader is already unlocked (I’ve just wanted to be sure).
Thereafter I ran through the steps of ‘Installing /e/OS’. After the installation the phone booted into the /e/OS setup automatically so I’ve restarted the phone to fastboot again and ran through the steps of ‘Locking the Bootloader’. After every step the phone booted into the setup and I had to reboot it to fastboot. The last steps went without errors.
This thread was also helpful: Fairphone 6 (non-Murena-edition) web-installer, stuck in bootloop - #22 by Bloodaxe
Thanks for the help and I’m very happy that I can finally use my phone 