First, download the stock ROM (the one you are currently on) for your device. This way, you will be able to restore the phone very easily with Odin (needs Windows).
I don’t know a way to fully backup before doing anything. But once TWRP is installed, you can proceed to a full backup (system + data) (but not the internal starage, which is what you can access in the Files app or by plugging the phone to a laptop).
Yes you are able to install LineageOS 10.
You may need to take a look at this howto, in case you have a confirmation and can proceed to a downgrade to install /e/, or to install LineageOS :