I gave my old Samsung Galaxy S5 (klte) a once over again and installed five different custom ROMs. From crDroidAndroid 10.0, over Havoc-OS-v3.7 to LineageOS-for-mircoG and RROS-Q-8.5.9. the result was always negative: “Sorry, your phone doesn’t support venue check-in”.
Last I tried a one year old unofficial PixelExperience 9.0 (Pie)customROM version including GApps and G-Camera - and the result is positive. The “venue check-in” via QR code works.
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My S5 ‘klte’ tests indicate that it depends more on the software (customROM) than on the hardware (Android Phone) to make the venue check-in service work.