Yes. Release notes are here …
https://gitlab.e.foundation/e/os/releases/-/releases
Yes.
“p” would be Android Pie (9), “q” would be Android Q (10).
Yes.
A particular /e/ version can get built using different Android versions as a base, so the /e/ version doesn’t necessarily correlate to only one Android version automatically. You can see that in the release notes.
What’s available on different devices then depends on whatever works and gets support on a particular device.
If the update stays within the same major Android version, yes.
In your case … If there is a 0.16-o, it should come OTA (I don’t have your device).
Currently the Updater doesn’t support OTA upgrades to a new major Android version, documentation about the manual process can be found on https://doc.e.foundation/devices/, for your device it’s here … https://doc.e.foundation/devices/star2lte/upgrade.
But work is being done on the Updater to enable OTA upgrades in the future.