TWRP on /e/OS S does not ask for decryption

[AnotherElk]

@bege

The tools are for backing up apps (data), not the whole data partition what I needed a few times to recover the phone.

The tools also have a full backup script, but I didn’t try these tools yet myself, so I can only go by what I’m reading in the documentation there.
Else … the tools require root or at least Rooted Debugging (which is root only for ADB), and with this you should be able to access all of the data partition via ADB yourself.

@AnotherElk

If you are familiar with ADB and if your /e/OS build allows you to enable Rooted Debugging in the Developer options, you can run adb root and then theoretically pull everything in the Android directory tree over to the computer, most importantly the whole /data directory.

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@bege

Do you know anything about the Failed to mount '/product' (invalid argument) error?

Unfortunately not, sorry.
I never installed TWRP on my Fairphone 3, I just boot it with fastboot when I need it.