Please confirm if it is a driver issue. Windows will likely install a general purpose driver not the Universal driver required. Connect the phone to Windows PC, open Device manager, check that the phone is showing OK, that is not as 
Problem device.
Now switch the phone to fastboot mode and perform the same check with Device manager. If showing usually you would now allow Update manager to open and to provide the required driver.
If the PC is crippled such that the cannot be resolved you will need to use a different PC.