If your data partition is not encrypted then I assume updating from nougat to oreo or pie will work without wiping all data (more details).
But keep in mind that (currently) the only official (including OTA updates) /e/ versión for FP2 is the nougat version.
Yes and no.
Yes: it only happens when the “new” camera model is installed in the FP2. It does not happen with the original model. So it’s related to HW.
No: As it’s a driver issue it can be (and was) solved via software fix. So it can be fixed via SW.