At first I had no success, because I got the following error:
$ fastboot flash system system.img
Sending sparse 'system' 1/4 (522236 KB) OKAY [ 20.035s]
Writing 'system' FAILED (remote: 'partition table doesn't exist')
fastboot: error: Command failed
Then I remembered from other installations that I had to set a specific slot. I then did the following and succeeded:
fastboot --set-active=a
fastboot reboot bootloader
fastboot flash system system.img
fastboot flash boot boot.img
fastboot flash vendor vendor.img
fastboot flash dtbo dtbo.img
fastboot flash product product.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img
fastboot --set-active=b
fastboot reboot bootloader
fastboot flash system system.img
fastboot flash boot boot.img
fastboot flash vendor vendor.img
fastboot flash dtbo dtbo.img
fastboot flash product product.img
fastboot flash vbmeta vbmeta.img