Your FP4 has a USB-C 3.0 socket, your PC has USB 3.1, which is downwards compatible. However, USB 3.0 and 3.1 only work with USB cables which, in addition to the previous data line pair (D+/D-), require a separately shielded pair of wires (shielded differential pair, SDP) for both transfer directions and a common shielding of the entire cable in order to comply with EMC limits.
USB-A 3.0 plugs can be recognised by the blue inner part. The cable and plug are often, but not necessarily, blue in colour. The USB 3.0 connectors have five additional contacts, whereby the type A plug is compatible with the old USB sockets. In the type A plug, the new contacts are located in the area where there is only plastic in the old plug.
USB-A 3.0 blue
Also note the following:
Default PC-USB-A 2.0 Power = 5V | 500mA (= 2,5 W)
Default PC-USB-A 3.0/3.1 Power = 5V | 900mA (= 4,5 Watt max. power output)
Fairphone 4 Dual Charger:
QC 3.0 USB-A 18 W max power output.
QC 3.0 USB-C 30 W max. power output.
The USB-C cable for the FP4 must also be able to supply 2.6 amps or 4 amps max. of current.
Qualcomm® Quick Charge™ 3.0 Specifications
Maximum Input Voltage: 3,6V to 20V (200mV increments) QC Mode
Maximum Current: 2.600 mA or 4.600 mA QC Mode
Power output max.: 36 Watt
Therefore, try a (premium) USB-A 3.x to USB-C 3.1 cable. This will not only give you significantly faster data transfer but also faster charging.
Note:
There are also USB cables that are only suitable for charging, but not for charging + data transfer.