@Noobie , if you still have this issue (and did not factory reset your phone: OK it’s unlikely after 2 months…), I just had the same problem, and managed to workaround it. Hopefully it can help other users having the same issue.
See detail in "Your data may be corrupt": /e/os booting into recovery and crashing on startup after running out of disk space
To sum up, you need a computer with adb configured, plugged on the phone. In the recovery error screen of the phone, there is a arrow on top left that allows to reach afterwards an “advanced” menu, where you can enable adb. Then, you can “adb shell” in the phone, look for the biggest files through command-lines, remove one of them (hoping it’s not an important one, because the file names are obfuscated by filesystem encryption), then reboot.
NB: @marcdw : at least in my case, the safe mode did not help (the launcher still crashed, and phone still rebooted in recovery mode)