Thanks for a tip @smu44!
The informations in that forum are little confusing and problem with camera is probably solved in newer versions of Lineage OS (f.e. in latest Lineage OS is the camera module changed to some CameraX, if I caught it right).
Anyway, I’ve read a LOT of another forums and many users solved this with various techniques (restart camserver daemon, clean install, Magisk modules >> SElinux permissive mode, module to better camera integration) etc.
I tried many of them, but unfortunately nothing works for me.
The result (after all the research, for me) is, that the problem must be fixed by developers in the OS (either Lineage or e/OS/). I am attaching my logcat with errors, where I believe the errors are probably clearly displayed (I am not a programmer) and hope, that some developer could fix it 
Fun fact is, that the problem with camera is not so important for me (I can wait to fix) as the problem, that I cannot use Signal app, which crash too, when I start to open any conversation 
This is a part of the bugreport log with a bug that keeps repeating (hope this is right parts of logs, which could help :)) :
02-14 07:02:13.352 root 1 1 W libc : Unable to set property "ro.init.updatable_crashing_process_name" to "vendor.camera-provider-2-4": error code: 0xb
02-14 07:02:13.353 root 1 1 W libc : Unable to set property "ro.init.updatable_crashing" to "1": error code: 0xb
02-14 07:02:13.355 1000 1355 1602 I BootReceiver: Copying /data/tombstones/tombstone_00 to DropBox (SYSTEM_TOMBSTONE)
02-14 07:02:13.357 1000 1355 1602 I DropBoxManagerService: add tag=SYSTEM_TOMBSTONE isTagEnabled=true flags=0x2
02-14 07:02:13.577 10224 6405 6405 I ServiceManager: Waiting for service 'media.camera' on '/dev/binder'...
02-14 07:02:14.233 1047 6725 6725 I chatty : uid=1047(cameraserver) /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service_64 expire 7 lines
02-14 07:02:14.287 1047 6728 6728 I chatty : uid=1047(cameraserver) crash_dump64 expire 3 lines
02-14 07:02:14.288 1058 1160 1160 I /system/bin/tombstoned: received crash request for pid 6725
02-14 07:02:14.350 1000 1355 2247 W NativeCrashListener: Couldn't find ProcessRecord for pid 6725
02-14 07:02:14.352 1058 1160 1160 E /system/bin/tombstoned: Tombstone written to: /data/tombstones/tombstone_01
and this is a part of a logcat file with some debug informations :
02-14 14:26:22.168 F/DEBUG ( 9197): *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***
02-14 14:26:22.168 F/DEBUG ( 9197): Timestamp: 2023-02-14 14:26:22+0100
02-14 14:26:22.168 F/DEBUG ( 9197): uid: 1047
02-14 14:26:22.168 F/DEBUG ( 9197): x0 00000077168acd68 x1 0000007750d82551 x2 0000007715405320 x3 000000771128a598
02-14 14:26:22.168 F/DEBUG ( 9197): x20 0000007715405320 x21 00000077168acd68 x22 0000007716a2f020 x23 0000007fe62e7318
02-14 14:26:22.260 F/DEBUG ( 9197): #04 pc 0000000000080fb4 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+212) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:22.260 F/DEBUG ( 9197): #07 pc 0000000000080f3c /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+92) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:22.260 F/DEBUG ( 9197): #11 pc 0000000000080724 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (ContextsSerialized::ForEach(void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+84) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:22.260 F/DEBUG ( 9197): #13 pc 000000000000d064 /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libcutils.so (property_list+44) (BuildId: 6a25690abca14e5461de75f10c2db69d)
02-14 14:26:22.261 F/DEBUG ( 9197): #33 pc 00000000000010e8 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service_64 (main+152) (BuildId: 920b0dd776dba056c893e7abd8301198)
02-14 14:26:22.261 F/DEBUG ( 9197): #34 pc 000000000007d780 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__libc_init+108) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.190 F/DEBUG ( 9212): ABI: 'arm64'
02-14 14:26:23.191 F/DEBUG ( 9212): pid: 9206, tid: 9206, name: android.hardwar >>> /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service_64 <<<
02-14 14:26:23.191 F/DEBUG ( 9212): uid: 1047
02-14 14:26:23.191 F/DEBUG ( 9212): x12 0000000000000038 x13 ffffffffffffffff x14 0000000000000000 x15 ffffffffffffffff
02-14 14:26:23.191 F/DEBUG ( 9212): x16 0000007d82797928 x17 0000007d82725ae0 x18 0000007d8434e000 x19 0000007dbd649551
02-14 14:26:23.191 F/DEBUG ( 9212): x20 0000007d81e05320 x21 0000007d83173d68 x22 0000007d832f6020 x23 0000007fc4e44a28
02-14 14:26:23.191 F/DEBUG ( 9212): x24 0000007fc4e45480 x25 0000007d81e191d8 x26 0000007d81e0d400 x27 0000007d832f6020
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212):
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): backtrace:
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #00 pc 00000000004fd5d8 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::OverrideSettingsFile::SettingPropertyCallback(char const*, char const*, void*)+64) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #02 pc 0000000000080f78 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+152) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #04 pc 0000000000080fb4 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+212) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #07 pc 0000000000080f3c /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+92) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #08 pc 0000000000080f3c /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+92) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #09 pc 0000000000080fb4 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+212) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #10 pc 0000000000080fb4 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+212) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #12 pc 0000000000081cd0 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (SystemProperties::Foreach(void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+28) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:23.213 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #13 pc 000000000000d064 /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libcutils.so (property_list+44) (BuildId: 6a25690abca14e5461de75f10c2db69d)
02-14 14:26:23.214 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #30 pc 000000000005cc2c /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libhidlbase.so (android::hardware::details::getRawServiceInternal(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>> const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>> const&, bool, bool)+1476) (BuildId: 33c2e604700ffc4348aae61eb365810f)
02-14 14:26:23.214 F/DEBUG ( 9212): #32 pc 0000000000001170 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service_64 (BuildId: 920b0dd776dba056c893e7abd8301198)
02-14 14:26:24.138 F/libc ( 9252): Fatal signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x7d5ac51551 in tid 9252 (android.hardwar), pid 9252 (android.hardwar)
02-14 14:26:24.163 F/DEBUG ( 9255): Revision: '0'
02-14 14:26:24.164 F/DEBUG ( 9255): uid: 1047
02-14 14:26:24.164 F/DEBUG ( 9255): x12 0000000000000038 x13 ffffffffffffffff x14 0000000000000000 x15 ffffffffffffffff
02-14 14:26:24.164 F/DEBUG ( 9255): x16 0000007d1fc4b928 x17 0000007d1fbd9ae0 x18 0000007d20d20000 x19 0000007d5ac51551
02-14 14:26:24.164 F/DEBUG ( 9255): x20 0000007d1f405320 x21 0000007d2077bd68 x22 0000007d208fe020 x23 0000007ff25372b8
02-14 14:26:24.164 F/DEBUG ( 9255): x28 0000007d1f40d418 x29 0000007ff2537300
02-14 14:26:24.164 F/DEBUG ( 9255): sp 0000007ff25370b0 lr 0000007d1fbdc7a8 pc 0000007d1af975d8
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): backtrace:
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #11 pc 0000000000080724 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (ContextsSerialized::ForEach(void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+84) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #12 pc 0000000000081cd0 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (SystemProperties::Foreach(void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+28) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #13 pc 000000000000d064 /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libcutils.so (property_list+44) (BuildId: 6a25690abca14e5461de75f10c2db69d)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #14 pc 00000000004fc288 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::OverrideSettingsFile::Initialize()+104) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #15 pc 00000000004fc0f8 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::OverrideSettingsFile::Create()+80) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #16 pc 00000000004fb9e0 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::SettingsManager::Initialize(CamX::StaticSettings*)+312) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #17 pc 00000000004fb790 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::SettingsManager::Create(CamX::StaticSettings*)+96) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #20 pc 00000000001fed08 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::HAL3Module::HAL3Module()+152) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #21 pc 00000000001fd268 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::HAL3Module::GetInstance()+72) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #23 pc 0000000000026c50 /vendor/lib64/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-legacy.so (android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraModule::init()+152) (BuildId: c8c034fadf8cc72979077f1b9ba59350)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #25 pc 0000000000019f54 /vendor/lib64/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-legacy.so (android::hardware::camera::provider::V2_4::implementation::LegacyCameraProviderImpl_2_4::LegacyCameraProviderImpl_2_4()+156) (BuildId: c8c034fadf8cc72979077f1b9ba59350)
02-14 14:26:24.180 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #27 pc 000000000005fc7c /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libhidlbase.so (_ZZN7android8hardware25PassthroughServiceManager3getERKNS0_11hidl_stringES4_ENKUlPvRKNSt3__112basic_stringIcNS6_11char_traitsIcEENS6_9allocatorIcEEEESE_E_clES5_SE_SE_+96) (BuildId: 33c2e604700ffc4348aae61eb365810f)
02-14 14:26:24.181 F/DEBUG ( 9255): #30 pc 000000000005cc2c /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libhidlbase.so (android::hardware::details::getRawServiceInternal(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>> const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>> const&, bool, bool)+1476) (BuildId: 33c2e604700ffc4348aae61eb365810f)
02-14 14:26:25.176 F/DEBUG ( 9266): Revision: '0'
02-14 14:26:25.177 F/DEBUG ( 9266): Timestamp: 2023-02-14 14:26:25+0100
02-14 14:26:25.177 F/DEBUG ( 9266): pid: 9263, tid: 9263, name: android.hardwar >>> /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service_64 <<<
02-14 14:26:25.177 F/DEBUG ( 9266): x0 0000007d9b164d68 x1 0000007dd563a551 x2 0000007d99e05320 x3 0000007d966c6598
02-14 14:26:25.177 F/DEBUG ( 9266): x4 000000000000002e x5 ff00000000000000 x6 6f00000000000000 x7 00000000000000ff
02-14 14:26:25.177 F/DEBUG ( 9266): x20 0000007d99e05320 x21 0000007d9b164d68 x22 0000007d9b2e7020 x23 0000007fd0111b98
02-14 14:26:25.198 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #03 pc 0000000000080ff0 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (prop_area::foreach_property(prop_bt*, void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+272) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #12 pc 0000000000081cd0 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (SystemProperties::Foreach(void (*)(prop_info const*, void*), void*)+28) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #13 pc 000000000000d064 /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libcutils.so (property_list+44) (BuildId: 6a25690abca14e5461de75f10c2db69d)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #14 pc 00000000004fc288 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::OverrideSettingsFile::Initialize()+104) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #15 pc 00000000004fc0f8 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::OverrideSettingsFile::Create()+80) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #18 pc 000000000047d2dc /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::HwEnvironment::Initialize()+60) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #19 pc 000000000047cc58 /vendor/lib64/hw/camera.qcom.so (CamX::HwEnvironment::GetInstance()+136) (BuildId: 45f6e7d4e1f690eb8a46eac47384fd50)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #24 pc 000000000001a000 /vendor/lib64/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-legacy.so (android::hardware::camera::provider::V2_4::implementation::LegacyCameraProviderImpl_2_4::initialize()+148) (BuildId: c8c034fadf8cc72979077f1b9ba59350)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #25 pc 0000000000019f54 /vendor/lib64/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-legacy.so (android::hardware::camera::provider::V2_4::implementation::LegacyCameraProviderImpl_2_4::LegacyCameraProviderImpl_2_4()+156) (BuildId: c8c034fadf8cc72979077f1b9ba59350)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #26 pc 00000000000030a4 /vendor/lib64/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-impl.so (HIDL_FETCH_ICameraProvider+144) (BuildId: d0a0181cbeb732afb172ae2fe805768a)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #29 pc 000000000005e460 /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libhidlbase.so (android::hardware::PassthroughServiceManager::get(android::hardware::hidl_string const&, android::hardware::hidl_string const&)+92) (BuildId: 33c2e604700ffc4348aae61eb365810f)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #30 pc 000000000005cc2c /system/lib64/vndk-sp-29/libhidlbase.so (android::hardware::details::getRawServiceInternal(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>> const&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char>> const&, bool, bool)+1476) (BuildId: 33c2e604700ffc4348aae61eb365810f)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #31 pc 00000000000163b4 /system/lib64/vndk-29/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4.so (_ZN7android8hardware7details18getServiceInternalINS0_6camera8provider4V2_418BpHwCameraProviderENS5_15ICameraProviderEvvEENS_2spIT0_EERKNSt3__112basic_stringIcNSB_11char_traitsIcEENSB_9allocatorIcEEEEbb+204) (BuildId: ba0fec579358939e0398d4b0d8b72d08)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #32 pc 0000000000001170 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service_64 (BuildId: 920b0dd776dba056c893e7abd8301198)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #33 pc 00000000000010e8 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4-service_64 (main+152) (BuildId: 920b0dd776dba056c893e7abd8301198)
02-14 14:26:25.199 F/DEBUG ( 9266): #34 pc 000000000007d780 /apex/com.android.runtime/lib64/bionic/libc.so (__libc_init+108) (BuildId: bf14cf7a62d1f91755beddd4a937354d)
02-14 14:26:26.156 F/libc ( 9274): Fatal signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SEGV_MAPERR), fault addr 0x7bfbd85551 in tid 9274 (android.hardwar), pid 9274 (android.hardwar)