Can't install e/OS on Samsung Galaxy A52 with adb

I am assuming that this is a new situation since your OP.

does not define your build.

If you have installed e-1.17-s-20231110351092-dev-a52q.zip and you are confident that it runs fine (I suggest test for 24 hours) and that you were on latest Android 12 (S) before you started …

… then you could experiment with Upgrading your Android 12 (S) /e/OS to Android 13 (T) /e/OS.

For best results I recommend that you go to Settings > System > Advanced >Developer options > Update recovery. Check that this is set to allow.

No developer options

Settings > About phone > Build number … tap rapidly 7 times on Build number to allow developer options.

Now the Upgrade method is simply to adb sideload the latest T build. (This is expected to work because the T builds contain certain vendor parts to allow /e/OS upgrade from S → T.)